Figure 1.1: Armfield F1-12 Hydrostatic Pressure Apparatus 7. The water level is indicated on a scale on the side of the quadrant. Water is admitted to the top of the tank by a flexible tube and may be drained through a cock in the side of the tank. The hydrostatic force and its line of action (center of pressure) can be determined for different water depths, with the quadrant’s vertical face either partially or fully submerged.Ī level indicator attached to the side of the tank shows when the balance arm is horizontal. Since the line of actions of hydrostatic forces applied on the curved surfaces passes through the pivot point, the forces have no effect on the moment. This moment can be counterbalanced by adding weight to the weight hanger, which is located at the left end of the balance arm, at a fixed distance from the pivot. The knife edges coincide with the center of the arc of the quadrant therefore, the only hydrostatic force acting on the vertical surface of the quadrant creates moment about the pivot point. The quadrant is mounted on a balance arm that pivots on knife edges. The water tank has a drain valve at one end and three adjustable screwed-in feet on its base for leveling the apparatus. The equipment is comprised of a rectangular transparent water tank, a fabricated quadrant, a balance arm, an adjustable counter-balance weight, and a water-level measuring device (Figure 1.1).
Hydrostatic force and its line of action is also required for the design of many parts of hydraulic equipment. The location and magnitude of water pressure force acting on water-control structures, such as dams, levees, and gates, are very important to their structural design. The center of pressure is a point on the immersed surface at which the resultant hydrostatic pressure force acts. Calculation of the hydrostatic force and the location of the center of pressure are fundamental subjects in fluid mechanics. Hydrostatic forces are the resultant force caused by the pressure loading of a liquid acting on submerged surfaces. The figure below shows the resulting surface with 2 poles.Experiment #1: Hydrostatic Pressure 1. The red and blue chains must be selected by partial chaining because they meet tangentially. In this example, there are no closed chains therefore no seam will exist, however, the surface will have two poles (collapsed edges where the 3 Along chains touch at each end). Using a different approach, a Net surface could be constructed from the same curves, using 3 Along chains (dark blue, green and red) and 1 Across chain (gold). The figure below shows the resulting surface with 1 seam and 1 pole. The dark blue chain can be normally chained, but the others must be selected using the partial chaining method because they meet tangentially. The pole exists where the 4 along chains meets at the center. This configuration will result in a surface with 1 seam and 1 pole.
In this example, a Net surface will be constructed using 4 along chains (red, light blue, green, and gold) and 1 across chain (dark blue). A pole is surface boundary that has collapsed to a point. A seam is the surface boundary where the U or V parameter starts and ends and the surface meets itself smoothly.
Net Surface examples (seams and poles) When creating a net surface from a set of curves that do not form an obvious rectangular mesh, it is important to understand that there may be several ways to construct the surface, and each way will produce a different surface.
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